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Sickle cell disease and who should get tested

 

What is sickle cell trait and disease?

 

Sickle cell disease (SCD) causes red blood cells (RBC), which are normally round and squishy, to become C-shaped (sickle shaped), stiff and sticky. Stiff and sticky RBC don’t move as easily through the blood vessels, and this can cause organ damage and episodes of severe pain.

 

People who are carriers of sickle cell disease are considered to have sickle cell trait.1 Although people who have sickle cell trait usually don’t have any symptoms, they might, in rare circumstances, experience pain or other problems. These problems are likely to occur whenever they experience a change in oxygen levels, such as being located at a high altitude, performing extreme exercise, scuba diving, or suffering from dehydration.

 

Who does sickle cell trait and disease affect?

 

While anyone can have SCD, people who have ancestors from Africa, Central and South America, India and the Middle East are most likely to be at risk.2 In the United States, 1 in 13 African Americans have sickle cell trait and 1 in 365 have sickle cell disease.2

 

Who should be considered for sickle cell trait screening?

 

All newborns in the United States are screened for multiple inherited conditions, including sickle cell trait. Sickle cell trait testing is also routinely offered to individuals who are planning a family or who are pregnant. The National Collegiate Athletic Association recommends that college athletes get screened, since those with sickle cell trait may need to take extra precautions against overheating and dehydration during training.3 If sickle cell trait is suspected of being a complicating factor for certain health conditions, like kidney disease, testing may be recommended.4

 

Where can people get tested?

 

Our preferred labs, Quest Diagnostics®, Labcorp™, and BioReference®, provide sickle cell trait testing. Members can obtain a lab order through their doctor. MinuteClinic® locations can provide testing upon request as part of a sports physical for student athletes. The test uses a small blood sample and tests for different factors that can cause sickling diseases.

 

1The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. What is sickle cell trait? December 14, 2020. Accessed on December 7, 2022.

2The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data and statistics on sickle cell disease. May 2, 2022. Accessed on December 7, 2022.

3National Collegiate Athletic Association, Sport Science Institute. Sickle cell trait. Accessed on December 7, 2022.

4The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Steps to better kidney health for those with sickle cell disease. September 15, 2021. Accessed on December 7, 2022.

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